China's Unified Social Credit Code, explained

Company identifiers · 4 minute read

Every Chinese company registered since 2015 carries one 18-character code: the Unified Social Credit Code. It replaced the separate business registration number, organisation code and tax number, so that one legal person has one identity across the registry, the tax system, customs and the invoice trail. When two documents show different codes, you are looking at two companies, whatever the names say.

What the eighteen characters are

The code is not a random string. Read from the left: the first two characters identify the issuing authority and the category of registration; the next six are the administrative division code of the registering office; the following nine are the organisation code that identifies the entity itself; and the last one is a check digit.

Digits and uppercase letters are used, from a subset that leaves out I, O, Z, S and V. That is a deliberate choice to stop characters being read the wrong way on a fax or a photocopy, and it is why a code containing those letters is worth a second look.

Why it matters when you are paying somebody

A company name is not an identity. Names repeat, get translated into several Latin spellings, get reused after a company is dissolved, and get shortened in conversation. The code does not.

What to do when nobody will give you the code

A supplier invoicing from China has a code, and it is printed on the registration documents and on the invoice itself. Being asked to accept a name and a bank account without it is the moment to slow down.

There are legitimate structures where the contracting entity is not the Chinese company: a Hong Kong or offshore trading entity, for instance, with a mainland manufacturer behind it. That is a normal arrangement, and it still has an identity. Ask which registered entity will issue the invoice, which one owns the bank account, and how the two relate in writing. If the answer is that no registered entity can be named, there is nothing to verify.

Where you see itWhat to compareMismatch means
Business licenceThe code printed under the company nameThe licence is not the licence of the company you looked up
Registry entryThe same code, and the registration status next to itThe name exists in more than one registration, possibly across cities
InvoiceThe code of the seller on the invoiceThe entity invoicing you is not the entity you verified
Bank account nameThe account holder in the registered legal name, with the same code behind itYou are being asked to pay a different legal person, which is the most common form of supplier payment fraud
Customs paperworkThe exporter's code and name on the declarationThe party exporting is not the party you contracted with

The practical rule: collect the code once, then check it against every document in the chain. It takes a minute and it is the cheapest control you have.

Frequently asked

Is the code the same as the old business registration number?

No. The older registration number was a different, shorter identifier tied to one system. Documents and website footers still carrying it are usually older than 2015, or are not showing a registry number at all.

Can two companies share a code?

No. One code belongs to one legal person for its lifetime. If two entities you are dealing with show the same code, one of the two documents is wrong.

Does the code tell me the company is trustworthy?

No. It tells you which legal person you are looking at. That is a precondition for checking anything else, not a result in itself.

What this page does not do. It explains an identifier, not a company. We do not rate or score businesses, and nothing here is legal advice. If you want the registry facts for one company assembled into one document, that is what our US$100 report is for.

Run the free checkWhat the US$100 report covers